| Kafih Jerusalem, 1984 , ch | |
|---|---|
| sources are not contemporaneous with the events they purport to relate and sometimes were written many centuries later | "Muhmmad," Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim world• El-Cheikh, Nadia Maria Byzantium Viewed by the Arabs 2004, Harvard University Press p |
5, "One major challenge to examining initial contacts between Byzantium and the early Muslim umma arises from the controversy surrounding the traditional Islamic account.
2| Seeing Islam as others saw it: a survey and evaluation of Christian, Jewish, Robert G | Lapidus 2002 , pp 0 |
|---|---|
| Denis Gril, Miracles, , Brill, 2007 |
| Peter Teed 1992 , p | |
|---|---|
| Moreover, many of them provide evidence of embellishment and invention that were introduced to serve the purposes of political or religious apologetic |
597, which notes that many of the details surrounding Muhammad's life as given in the biographies, are "problematic in certain respects, the most important of which is that they represent a tradition of living narrative that is likely to have developed orally for a considerable period before it was given even a relatively fixed written form.
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