| , r 1 are the residues, the values p m, | |
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| For repeated roots, resi2 computes the residues at the repeated root locations | For most textbook problems, k s is 0 or a constant |
Finally, residue determines the residues by evaluating the polynomial with individual roots removed.
12| Numerically, the partial fraction expansion of a ratio of polynomials represents an ill-posed problem | The number of poles n is Algorithms residue first obtains the poles using roots |
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| If the denominator polynomial, a s , is near a polynomial with multiple roots, then small changes in the data, including roundoff errors, can result in arbitrarily large changes in the resulting poles and residues |