| These research efforts included those of the laboratories of Donald Davies NPL , Paul Baran RAND Corporation , and Leonard Kleinrock at MIT and at UCLA | By defining a simple common network system, the Internet Protocol Suite, the concept of the network could be separated from its physical implementation |
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| Adoption and interconnection occurred quickly across the advanced telecommunication networks of the western world, and then began to penetrate into the rest of the world as it became the de-facto international standard for the global network | Following commercialization and introduction of privately run Internet service providers in the 1980s, and the Internet's expansion for popular use in the 1990s, the Internet has had a drastic impact on culture and commerce |
1 that led to the Internet, most communication networks were limited by their nature to only allow communications between the stations on the local network and the prevalent computer networking method was based on the central mainframe computer model.
5| Several research programs began to explore and articulate principles of networking between physically separate networks, leading to the development of the packet switching model of digital networking | |
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| Additionally, public access and hobbyist networking systems grew in popularity, including unix-to-unix copy UUCP and FidoNet | This includes the rise of near instant communication by electronic mail e-mail , text based discussion forums, and the World Wide Web |
They were however still disjointed separate networks, served only by limited gateways between networks.
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