أي الأجهزة التالية يوفر القوة اللازمة لتحريك الجسم. روبوت

Huerta, Giants of Delft: Johannes Vermeer and the Natural Philosophers : the Parallel Search for Knowledge During the Age of Discovery, Bucknell University Press - 2003, page 126• "Visualizing vibrational normal modes of a single molecule with atomically confined light"	The MacTutor History of Mathematics archive
Brian Shmaefsky, Biotechnology 101 - 2006, page 171• "Comparative study of three-dimensional localization accuracy in conventional, confocal laser scanning and axial tomographic fluorescence light microscopy"	"Scattering Lens Resolves Sub-100 nm Structures with Visible Light"

مجهر ضوئي

Mark Smith, From Sight to Light: The Passage from Ancient to Modern Optics, University of Chicago Press - 2014, page 387• The Robotics Institute of Carnegie Mellon University.

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روبوت: Optical Biopsies and Microscopic Techniques
روبوت: The Origins of the Telescope
روبوت: Appendix A, , 1906; page 716

"SPDM: light microscopy with single-molecule resolution at the nanoscale"	Institute of Physics Electronics Journals
Seeger, Men of Physics: Galileo Galilei, His Life and His Works, Elsevier - 2016, page 24• Fleischer, CLEO:2011, paper CThW6 2011	; Ruggeri, Alessandro; Tosi, Alberto; Boyd, Robert W

مجهر ضوئي

Chang, Kenneth 8 October 2014.

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روبوت: "Real Time Holographic Microscopy Using a Peculiar Holographic Illuminating System and a Rotary Shearing Interferometer"
مجهر ضوئي: Note: stories vary, including Zacharias Janssen had the help of his father Hans Martens or sometimes said to have been built entirely by his father
روبوت: Van Helden, Albert; Dupre, Sven; Van Gent, Rob 2011